Crystal Substrates

About Crystal Substrates

Transistors and integrated circuits are made on the surface of a semiconductor chip, and the semiconductor chip here is the substrate (chip). The semiconductor substrate not only plays a role in electrical performance but also plays a role in mechanical support. Chemical substrates show broad application prospects in short-wavelength light-emitting diodes, lasers, and ultraviolet detectors, as well as high-temperature microelectronic devices; for environmental protection, they are also very suitable for environmentally friendly material systems.

Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM) is a trusted advanced crystal substrate supplier that serves many labs and innovative companies. We provide standard-size and customized products to meet all your requirements.

Crystal Substrates Categories:

Stanford Advanced Materials offers a diverse range of crystal substrates tailored to meet the specific needs of various industries and research fields:

1. Single Crystal Substrates

High-purity single crystal substrates crafted to exacting standards. Ideal for epitaxial growth, semiconductor device fabrication, and thin film deposition.

Common Materials:

• Silicon (Si): Widely used in semiconductor devices and integrated circuits for its excellent electrical properties and cost-effectiveness.
• Sapphire (Al₂O₃): Known for its exceptional hardness and optical transparency, making it ideal for LED substrates and high-frequency electronics.
• Germanium (Ge): Utilized in high-speed electronics and infrared optics due to its higher electron mobility compared to silicon.
• Gallium Arsenide (GaAs): Preferred for high-speed and optoelectronic applications like microwave frequency integrated circuits and infrared LEDs.

2. Epitaxial Wafer Substrates

Optimized for epitaxial deposition processes, these substrates provide the perfect lattice match for high-performance semiconductor growth.

Common Materials:

• Silicon Carbide (SiC): Offers high thermal conductivity and is used in power electronics and high-temperature applications.
• Gallium Nitride (GaN): Ideal for high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) and blue/UV optoelectronic devices.
• Indium Phosphide (InP): Utilized in high-frequency and high-power electronics, as well as in photonics.
• Cadmium Telluride (CdTe): Commonly used in photovoltaic applications and infrared detectors.

3. Optical Crystal Substrates

Engineered for superior transparency and optical quality, perfect for use in lasers, optical communication systems, and advanced imaging technologies.

Common Materials:

• Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG): Widely used as a laser medium and in welding applications.
• Lithium Triborate (LBO): Commonly used in nonlinear optics for frequency doubling and parametric oscillators.
• Zinc Selenide (ZnSe): Essential in infrared optics, particularly in CO₂ laser systems.
• Calcium Fluoride (CaF₂): Valued for its low refractive index and minimal dispersion, suitable for high-quality optical components.
• Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP): Used in frequency conversion and electro-optic applications.

4. Ferroelectric Crystal Substrates

Utilize the unique properties of ferroelectric materials for applications requiring piezoelectric and pyroelectric capabilities.

Common Materials:

• Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃): Used in capacitors, piezoelectric transducers, and electro-optic devices.
• Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT): Known for its strong piezoelectric effect, used in actuators and sensors.
• Strontium Barium Niobate (SBN): Employed in photorefractive and nonlinear optical applications.
• Rochelle Salt (Sodium Potassium Tartrate): Utilized in high-frequency transducers and acoustic devices.

5. Piezoelectric Crystal Substrates

Designed for high-performance microelectronic applications, these substrates support the development of MEMS devices, ultrasonic transducers, and energy harvesting systems.

Common Materials:

• Potassium Tantalate Niobate (KTN): Used in high-frequency resonators and phase shifters.
• Terbium Gallium Garnet (TGG): Applied in magneto-optic isolators and other precision optical instruments.
• Quartz (SiO₂): Renowned for its stability and precision, used in oscillators and frequency control devices.
• Zirconium Titanate (ZrTiO₄): Utilized for its high piezoelectric coefficients in sensors and actuators.
• Lithium Niobate (LiNbO₃): Commonly used in modulators, waveguides, and acousto-optic devices.

6. Multi-functional Crystal Substrates

Combine multiple properties such as piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, and optical transparency to cater to advanced and specialized applications.

Common Materials:

• Gallium Orthophosphate (GaPO₄): Offers high-temperature stability and is used in high-frequency and harsh environment applications.
• Lanthanum Aluminate (LaAlO₃): Utilized in high-electron-mobility transistors and as substrates for complex oxide thin films.
• Magnesium Oxide (MgO): Employed in spintronics, magnetic applications, and as buffer layers for other crystal growth.

Advantages of Our Crystal Substrates

• Precision Engineering: Our crystal substrates are meticulously crafted to offer atomically smooth surfaces, ensuring optimal conditions for epitaxial growth and thin film deposition.

• Reliable Consistency: Experience batch-to-batch consistency with our crystal substrates, ensuring reproducibility and reliability in your experiments and production processes.

• Tailored Specifications: Choose from a wide range of crystal orientations, sizes, thicknesses, and materials to find the perfect substrate for your specific application.

• Cutting-edge Research: Empower your research endeavors with substrates that lay the foundation for exploring novel materials, discovering new phenomena, and advancing scientific knowledge.

• Technical Support: Our team of experts is available to provide guidance on substrate selection, usage, and integration into your processes.

Applications of Crystal Substrates

Our crystal substrates are integral to numerous high-tech applications across various industries:

• Optoelectronic Devices: Enhance the performance of photodetectors, LEDs, and solar cells with substrates that offer superior optical properties.

• Microelectronic Devices: Utilize our substrates in the fabrication of high-speed transistors, integrated circuits, and other semiconductor devices. For projects involving semiconductor fabrication, understanding the differences between SOI and traditional Silicon Wafers is crucial. Read our detailed comparison here: Comparing SOI vs. Silicon Wafers: What's Best for Your Semiconductor Project?

• Biological & Chemical Sensing: Leverage the precision and reliability of our substrates for developing sensitive and accurate sensors in medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.

• Flexible Electronics: Innovate in the field of wearable technology and flexible displays with substrates that provide both mechanical strength and electrical performance.

• Energy Storage & Conversion: Improve the efficiency of batteries, supercapacitors, and thermoelectric devices using our high-quality crystal substrates.

Technical Support and Services

At Stanford Advanced Materials, we are committed to supporting your success. Our services include:

• Consultation Services: Expert advice on choosing the right substrate for your application.

• Customization: Tailor-made substrates to meet unique project specifications and requirements.

• Post-Sale Support: Ongoing assistance to ensure seamless integration of our substrates into your production processes.

Crystal Substrates Video